java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: io/netty/channel/IoEventLoopGroup

[JoanaPedrosoDiconium]

Since today morning I am getting this error that is making all my Karate Tests fail and hence the pipelines.

["org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTestContextBootstrapper=true", "server.port=0"], contextCustomizers = [org.springframework.boot.test.context.filter.ExcludeFilterContextCustomizer@75d402d4, org.springframework.boot.test.json.DuplicateJsonObjectContextCustomizerFactory$DuplicateJsonObjectContextCustomizer@53153d5e, org.springframework.boot.test.mock.mockito.MockitoContextCustomizer@0, org.springframework.boot.test.web.client.TestRestTemplateContextCustomizer@7e366c6f, org.springframework.boot.test.web.reactor.netty.DisableReactorResourceFactoryGlobalResourcesContextCustomizerFactory$DisableReactorResourceFactoryGlobalResourcesContextCustomizerCustomizer@6b529d42, org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.OnFailureConditionReportContextCustomizerFactory$OnFailureConditionReportContextCustomizer@6a95c2f6, org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.actuate.observability.ObservabilityContextCustomizerFactory$DisableObservabilityContextCustomizer@1f, org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.properties.PropertyMappingContextCustomizer@0, org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.servlet.WebDriverContextCustomizer@24482a4f, org.springframework.test.context.support.DynamicPropertiesContextCustomizer@0, org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTestAnnotation@8473f12a], resourceBasePath = "src/main/webapp", contextLoader = org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootContextLoader, parent = null]

	at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContext(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:180)
	at org.springframework.test.context.support.DefaultTestContext.getApplicationContext(DefaultTestContext.java:130)
	at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.injectDependencies(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:155)
	at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.prepareTestInstance(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:111)
	at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.prepareTestInstance(TestContextManager.java:260)
	at org.springframework.test.context.junit.jupiter.SpringExtension.postProcessTestInstance(SpringExtension.java:159)
	at java.base/java.util.stream.ForEachOps$ForEachOp$OfRef.accept(ForEachOps.java:184)
	at java.base/java.util.stream.ReferencePipeline$3$1.accept(ReferencePipeline.java:197)
	at java.base/java.util.stream.ReferencePipeline$2$1.accept(ReferencePipeline.java:179)
	at java.base/java.util.stream.ReferencePipeline$3$1.accept(ReferencePipeline.java:197)
	at java.base/java.util.ArrayList$ArrayListSpliterator.forEachRemaining(ArrayList.java:1708)
	at java.base/java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.copyInto(AbstractPipeline.java:509)
	at java.base/java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.wrapAndCopyInto(AbstractPipeline.java:499)
	at java.base/java.util.stream.ForEachOps$ForEachOp.evaluateSequential(ForEachOps.java:151)
	at java.base/java.util.stream.ForEachOps$ForEachOp$OfRef.evaluateSequential(ForEachOps.java:174)
	at java.base/java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.evaluate(AbstractPipeline.java:234)
	at java.base/java.util.stream.ReferencePipeline.forEach(ReferencePipeline.java:596)
	at java.base/java.util.Optional.orElseGet(Optional.java:364)
	at java.base/java.util.ArrayList.forEach(ArrayList.java:1596)
	at java.base/java.util.ArrayList.forEach(ArrayList.java:1596)
Caused by: java.lang.IllegalStateException: java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: io/netty/channel/IoEventLoopGroup
	at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.handleRunFailure(SpringApplication.java:823)
	at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:328)
	at org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootContextLoader.lambda$loadContext$3(SpringBootContextLoader.java:144)
	at org.springframework.util.function.ThrowingSupplier.get(ThrowingSupplier.java:58)
	at org.springframework.util.function.ThrowingSupplier.get(ThrowingSupplier.java:46)
	at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.withHook(SpringApplication.java:1461)
	at org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootContextLoader$ContextLoaderHook.run(SpringBootContextLoader.java:563)
	at org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootContextLoader.loadContext(SpringBootContextLoader.java:144)
	at org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootContextLoader.loadContext(SpringBootContextLoader.java:110)
	at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContextInternal(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:225)
	at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContext(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:152)
	... 19 more
Caused by: java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: io/netty/channel/IoEventLoopGroup
	at com.linecorp.armeria.common.util.TransportType.<clinit>(TransportType.java:42)
	at com.linecorp.armeria.common.Flags.<clinit>(Flags.java:176)
	at com.linecorp.armeria.internal.common.RequestContextUtil.<clinit>(RequestContextUtil.java:69)
	at com.linecorp.armeria.server.ServerBuilder.<clinit>(ServerBuilder.java:187)
	at com.linecorp.armeria.server.Server.builder(Server.java:117)
	at com.intuit.karate.core.MockServer$Builder.build(MockServer.java:127)
	at com.vw.ude.dataingest.karate.mock.MockContextInitializer.createMockServer(MockContextInitializer.java:54)
	at com.vw.ude.dataingest.karate.mock.MockContextInitializer.initialize(MockContextInitializer.java:20)
	at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.applyInitializers(SpringApplication.java:612)
	at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.prepareContext(SpringApplication.java:383)
	at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:317)
	... 28 more
Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: io.netty.channel.IoEventLoopGroup
	at java.base/jdk.internal.loader.BuiltinClassLoader.loadClass(BuiltinClassLoader.java:641)
	at java.base/jdk.internal.loader.ClassLoaders$AppClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoaders.java:188)
	at java.base/java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:526)
	... 39 more

This happens both with the update to 1.5.2.RC6 which I would like to have to fix a CVE.

[ptrthomas]

sounds very much that your specific pom.xml or gradle eq brings in conflicting dependencies, so the best way forward is for you to replicate this in a minimal example: https://github.com/karatelabs/karate/wiki/How-to-Submit-an-Issue

we try our best to avoid this, but not possible as when we keep upgrading libs that themselves keep changing.

the "fat jar" option may be something you can consider also, refer https://github.com/karatelabs/karate-examples/blob/main/database/README.md#using-the-shaded-jar

[JoanaPedrosoDiconium]

This is an enterprise project so due to compliance and security reasons I can't share all the dependencies of my poms on a public forum.

However, the error is being generated from a karate core class:

Caused by: java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: io/netty/channel/IoEventLoopGroup
	at com.linecorp.armeria.common.util.TransportType.<clinit>(TransportType.java:42)
	at com.linecorp.armeria.common.Flags.<clinit>(Flags.java:176)
	at com.linecorp.armeria.internal.common.RequestContextUtil.<clinit>(RequestContextUtil.java:69)
	at com.linecorp.armeria.server.ServerBuilder.<clinit>(ServerBuilder.java:187)
	at com.linecorp.armeria.server.Server.builder(Server.java:117)
	at com.intuit.karate.core.MockServer$Builder.build(MockServer.java:127)

Furthermore I did an inspection and my other dependencies that use io.netty (com.azure:azure-core-http-netty:jar:1.16.0) are all using version 4.1.128.Final which is the same as the one being used by the io.karatelabs dependency:

[INFO] |     +- com.azure:azure-core-http-netty:jar:1.16.0:compile
[INFO] |     |  +- io.netty:netty-handler:jar:4.1.128.Final:compile
[INFO] |     |  |  \- io.netty:netty-resolver:jar:4.1.128.Final:compile
[INFO] |     |  +- io.netty:netty-handler-proxy:jar:4.1.128.Final:compile
[INFO] |     |  |  \- io.netty:netty-codec-socks:jar:4.1.128.Final:compile
[INFO] |     |  +- io.netty:netty-buffer:jar:4.1.128.Final:compile
[INFO] |     |  +- io.netty:netty-codec:jar:4.1.128.Final:compile
[INFO] |     |  +- io.netty:netty-codec-http:jar:4.1.128.Final:compile
[INFO] |     |  +- io.netty:netty-codec-http2:jar:4.1.128.Final:compile
[INFO] |     |  +- io.netty:netty-transport-native-unix-common:jar:4.1.128.Final:compile
[INFO] |     |  +- io.netty:netty-transport-native-epoll:jar:linux-x86_64:4.1.128.Final:compile
[INFO] |     |  |  \- io.netty:netty-transport-classes-epoll:jar:4.1.128.Final:compile
[INFO] |     |  +- io.netty:netty-transport-native-kqueue:jar:osx-x86_64:4.1.128.Final:compile
[INFO] |     |  |  \- io.netty:netty-transport-classes-kqueue:jar:4.1.128.Final:compile
[INFO] |     |  +- io.netty:netty-tcnative-boringssl-static:jar:2.0.74.Final:compile
[INFO] |     |  |  \- io.netty:netty-tcnative-classes:jar:2.0.74.Final:compile
[INFO] |     |  +- io.projectreactor.netty:reactor-netty-http:jar:1.2.11:compile
[INFO] |     |  |  \- io.projectreactor.netty:reactor-netty-core:jar:1.2.11:compile
[INFO] |     |  \- io.netty:netty-common:jar:4.1.128.Final:compile

 +- io.karatelabs:karate-junit5:jar:1.5.2.RC6:test
[INFO] |  +- io.karatelabs:karate-core:jar:1.5.2.RC6:test
[INFO] |  |  +- org.graalvm.js:js-scriptengine:jar:24.0.0:test
[INFO] |  |  |  \- org.graalvm.polyglot:polyglot:jar:24.0.0:test
[INFO] |  |  |     +- org.graalvm.sdk:collections:jar:24.0.0:test
[INFO] |  |  |     \- org.graalvm.sdk:nativeimage:jar:24.0.0:test
[INFO] |  |  |        \- org.graalvm.sdk:word:jar:24.0.0:test
[INFO] |  |  +- org.graalvm.js:js-language:jar:24.0.0:test
[INFO] |  |  |  +- org.graalvm.regex:regex:jar:24.0.0:test
[INFO] |  |  |  +- org.graalvm.truffle:truffle-api:jar:24.0.0:test
[INFO] |  |  |  \- org.graalvm.shadowed:icu4j:jar:24.0.0:test
[INFO] |  |  +- org.thymeleaf:thymeleaf:jar:3.1.3.RELEASE:test
[INFO] |  |  |  +- ognl:ognl:jar:3.3.4:test
[INFO] |  |  |  |  \- org.javassist:javassist:jar:3.29.0-GA:test
[INFO] |  |  |  +- org.attoparser:attoparser:jar:2.0.7.RELEASE:test
[INFO] |  |  |  \- org.unbescape:unbescape:jar:1.1.6.RELEASE:test
[INFO] |  |  +- com.linecorp.armeria:armeria:jar:1.33.4:test
[INFO] |  |  |  +- io.micrometer:context-propagation:jar:1.1.3:test
[INFO] |  |  |  +- io.netty:netty-transport:jar:4.1.128.Final:compile
[INFO] |  |  |  +- io.netty:netty-codec-haproxy:jar:4.1.128.Final:test
[INFO] |  |  |  +- io.netty:netty-resolver-dns:jar:4.1.128.Final:compile
[INFO] |  |  |  |  \- io.netty:netty-codec-dns:jar:4.1.128.Final:compile
[INFO] |  |  |  +- io.netty:netty-transport-native-unix-common:jar:linux-x86_64:4.1.128.Final:test
[INFO] |  |  |  +- io.netty:netty-transport-native-unix-common:jar:linux-aarch_64:4.1.128.Final:test
[INFO] |  |  |  +- io.netty:netty-transport-native-unix-common:jar:osx-x86_64:4.1.128.Final:test
[INFO] |  |  |  +- io.netty:netty-transport-native-unix-common:jar:osx-aarch_64:4.1.128.Final:test
[INFO] |  |  |  +- org.reactivestreams:reactive-streams:jar:1.0.4:compile
[INFO] |  |  |  +- io.netty:netty-transport-native-epoll:jar:linux-aarch_64:4.1.128.Final:test
[INFO] |  |  |  +- io.netty:netty-resolver-dns-native-macos:jar:osx-x86_64:4.1.128.Final:compile
[INFO] |  |  |  |  \- io.netty:netty-resolver-dns-classes-macos:jar:4.1.128.Final:compile
[INFO] |  |  |  +- io.netty:netty-transport-native-kqueue:jar:osx-aarch_64:4.1.128.Final:test
[INFO] |  |  |  +- io.netty:netty-resolver-dns-native-macos:jar:osx-aarch_64:4.1.128.Final:test
[INFO] |  |  |  +- io.netty:netty-tcnative-boringssl-static:jar:linux-x86_64:2.0.74.Final:compile
[INFO] |  |  |  +- io.netty:netty-tcnative-boringssl-static:jar:linux-aarch_64:2.0.74.Final:compile
[INFO] |  |  |  +- io.netty:netty-tcnative-boringssl-static:jar:osx-x86_64:2.0.74.Final:compile
[INFO] |  |  |  +- io.netty:netty-tcnative-boringssl-static:jar:osx-aarch_64:2.0.74.Final:compile
[INFO] |  |  |  +- io.netty:netty-tcnative-boringssl-static:jar:windows-x86_64:2.0.74.Final:compile
[INFO] |  |  |  \- com.aayushatharva.brotli4j:brotli4j:jar:1.18.0:test
[INFO] |  |  |     +- com.aayushatharva.brotli4j:service:jar:1.18.0:test
[INFO] |  |  |     \- com.aayushatharva.brotli4j:native-windows-x86_64:jar:1.18.0:test
[INFO] |  |  +- org.apache.httpcomponents:httpclient:jar:4.5.14:test
[INFO] |  |  |  \- org.apache.httpcomponents:httpcore:jar:4.4.16:test

As such I do not see how this could be a version incompatibility...

[ptrthomas]

@JoanaPedrosoDiconium well, from my perspective if this project works, I don't consider it a bug in karate: https://github.com/karatelabs/karate-todo

we don't expect you to provide your actual pom, but help replicate the problem (refer link I shared)

unless we can replicate, I will have to close this after a while.

[JoanaPedrosoDiconium]

As I mentioned, the other dependency using netty is this one: com.azure:azure-core-http-netty and it uses 4.1.128.Final. This dependency is in turn is loaded by com.azure.spring:spring-cloud-azure-starter-keyvault:jar:6.0.0.

With that information is it possible to reach a conclusion?

[ptrthomas]

@JoanaPedrosoDiconium unfortunately no. did you try to use the "fat jar" option as I commented somewhere above ?

[JoanaPedrosoDiconium]

@ptrthomas I followed the instructions to use the fat jar, however I get this:

Could not find artifact io.karatelabs:karate-junit5:jar:all:1.5.2.RC6 in adobe-public-releases (https://repo.adobe.com/nexus/content/groups/public) -> [Help 1]

I checked and the same happens for RC5.

[JoanaPedrosoDiconium]

@ptrthomas any updates regarding this? Meanwhile I saw that you updated for 1.5.2 and I also tried to use the fat jar for this new version but get a similar error:

Could not find artifact io.karatelabs:karate-junit5:jar:all:1.5.2 in adobe-public-releases (https://repo.adobe.com/nexus/content/groups/public) -> [Help 1]

Indeed checking the maven repo, there's no such jar: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/io/karatelabs/karate-junit5/1.5.2/

And without the fat jar I get the same error that led to the opening of this issue.

[ptrthomas]

@JoanaPedrosoDiconium sorry I wasn't able to notice you were trying to use junit with the all classifier. please do this instead:

        <dependency>
            <groupId>io.karatelabs</groupId>
            <artifactId>karate-core</artifactId>
            <version>${karate.version}</version>            
            <classifier>all</classifier>
            <scope>test</scope>   
        </dependency>

only if you use the karate junit support (not recommended), add this also:

<dependency>
    <groupId>io.karatelabs</groupId>
    <artifactId>karate-junit5</artifactId>
    <version>${karate.version}</version>
    <scope>test</scope>
    <exclusions>
        <exclusion>
            <groupId>io.karatelabs</groupId>
            <artifactId>karate-core</artifactId>
        </exclusion>
    </exclusions>
</dependency>

let me know how it goes.

[JoanaPedrosoDiconium]

Hello. I am not sure what you mean about Junit support not being recommended. In Karate documentation I find this: https://docs.karatelabs.io/running-tests/junit. Does it mean that for Junit suport I am using the wrong artifact id (should be com.inuit.karate instead of io.karatelabs)?

Because with the karate-core only I am getting errors since the annotations I use to kickstart the tests (@Karate.Tests like in that example of the link) do not exist in the core dependency.

If this is not recommended then can I please get the link to the documentation page where the recommended setup is explained?

[ptrthomas]

yes if you use annotations, you need the karate-junit part ignore what I said about recommendation for now. just be aware that if you want parallel execution you should use the approach documented here: https://docs.karatelabs.io/running-tests/parallel-execution

let me know if you stop seeing the class-not-found exception that is your original issue